Potato Reaction Rates Virtual Lab Objectives:

● Observe the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide toxin by potato’s enzyme catalase. ● Determine if temperature and pH affect enzyme effectiveness.

Background Information: Some plants such as potato and spinach have very high levels of catalase, an enzyme that works on hydrogen peroxide to yield water and oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic chemical that is produced in many organisms during metabolism. Organisms must get rid of this toxin to survive. Catalase can be found in most tissues of the body, along with plant material such as potatoes.

Potato Reaction Rates Lab Objectives:

● Observe the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide toxin by potato’s enzyme catalase. ● Determine if temperature, particle size, and pH affect enzyme effectiveness.

Background Information: Some plants such as potato and spinach have very high levels of catalase, an enzyme that works on hydrogen peroxide to yield water and oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic chemical that is produced in many organisms during metabolism. Organisms must get rid of this toxin to survive. Catalase can be found in most tissues of the body, along with plant material such as potatoes.

Watch the following video clips, complete the table, then write a summary about how different

variables can affect reaction rates. Use a different color to record your answers.

temperature – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4a-HmGpyoxw

pH test – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQF68uI9byI

particle size – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PYdMaClUmw

DATA AND OBSERVATIONS

Test Tube Observations or Predictions

Room temperature

Hot temperature

Cold temperature

Acid (pH 1-6.9)

Base (pH 7.1-14)

Neutral (pH 7.0)

Large particles (less surface area)

Small particles (more surface area)

Summarize the different circumstances in which reaction rates can change. Be specific about what causes an increase or decrease in reaction rates (please underline your answer and type in a different color!

Please reply to the following discussion. Participate in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing a point of view with a rationale, challenging an aspect of the discussion, or indicating a relationship between two or more lines of reasoning in the discussion.  Responses must consist of at least 135 words; do NOT repeat the same thing your classmate is saying. No reference is required.

Heba K.

Calorie: When I think about calorie, I automatically think about dieting. When it comes to dieting, a common way to keep track of what you are eating is by counting how many calories you consume in a day. Everything we eat has a different number of calories. In everyday language, people refer to calories as the amount of energy from different types of food. A calorie deficit and calorie tracking are some of the ways that calories are used in everyday language. Some foods have a lot of calories and may not be the healthiest choice, while others are more suitable for a diet lifestyle. In chemistry, a calorie is defined initially as the amount of energy needed to warm 1g of h20 by 1 degree Celsius, but in modern times 1 calorie = 4.184 J. In chemistry, we talk about energy, a calorie is used to measure that energy which affects us in everyday lives. There are several similarities between a calorie used in everyday life and chemistry life, they both have a similar definition, they’re both in relation to food and they both have to do with energy. But in everyday life, we don’t necessarily discuss joules in relation to calories. The chemistry definition is slightly different than the everyday life definition. When it comes to studying calories, I will have to think more of the chemistry definition rather than the real-life definition of calories.

Energy: When I think about energy, I think about the willingness to do something. Because I am a night shift nurse, I often lack energy to do things due to my sleeping schedule. In everyday life, people refer to energy as having the strength and vitality for physical or mental activity. Or they can refer to energy as power that comes from resources such as electricity or machinery. In chemistry, energy is defined as the capacity to supply heat or do work. We classify energy into two types: kinetic and potential energy. This relates to the behavior of gas laws, and we study different types of energy. The everyday definition and the chemistry definition have similar definitions, but in chemistry we refer to energy as the capacity to supply heat or do work, a slightly different definition than the everyday definition of energy. We study different types of energy, and we measure energy in chemistry. When it comes to studying energy this week, I will have to think more about the chemistry definition of energy rather than my own personal definition of energy. 

Exploring the Iconic Jordan Shoes: A Deep Dive into the Various Types

The world of sneaker culture is vast and dynamic, but few brands have had the impact and staying power of the Air Jordan line. Launched in 1985 by Nike, the Jordan brand, named after basketball legend Michael Jordan, revolutionized the sneaker industry and continues to dominate it today. The various types of Jordan shoes, each with its unique design, history, and significance, are not just athletic footwear but cultural icons.

Air Jordan 1: The Genesis of a Legend

The Air Jordan 1 is where it all began. Released in 1985, the Air Jordan 1 was designed by Peter Moore and broke the mold of conventional basketball shoes with its bold colorways, particularly the “Bred” (Black/Red) version. The NBA famously banned the shoe for violating uniform regulations, but Michael Jordan wore them anyway, incurring fines that Nike gladly paid. This rebellious spirit helped catapult the Air Jordan 1 to legendary status. Today, the Air Jordan 1 is more than just a basketball shoe—it’s a symbol of defiance and innovation, embraced by sneakerheads, fashion enthusiasts, and collectors alike.

Air Jordan 3: The Game-Changer

The Air Jordan 3, released in 1988, was the first of the series designed by Tinker Hatfield, who brought a new level of sophistication to the Jordan line. The introduction of the “Jumpman” logo, visible Air-Sole units, and elephant print detailing made the Air Jordan 3 an instant classic. It was also the shoe Michael Jordan wore during the 1988 NBA Dunk Contest, where he executed the iconic free-throw line dunk. The Air Jordan 3 is often credited with saving Nike’s relationship with Michael Jordan and solidifying the Jordan brand’s place in sneaker history.

Air Jordan 4: The International Sensation

Building on the success of its predecessor, the Air Jordan 4 was released in 1989 and became the first Jordan shoe to be sold globally. It featured mesh panels for better breathability, a plastic wing to improve fit, and a design that balanced functionality with street style. The Air Jordan 4 gained mainstream popularity when it was prominently featured in Spike Lee’s film “Do the Right Thing,” cementing its place in both sports and pop culture.

Air Jordan 5: The Fighter Jet Inspiration

Released in 1990, the Air Jordan 5 was inspired by World War II fighter jets, evident in its aggressive design features like the shark-tooth midsole pattern. It was also the first Jordan shoe to feature a reflective tongue and lace locks. The Air Jordan 5 was designed for performance, but its bold look made it a fashion statement as well. The shoe’s design and the iconic “Grape” colorway, famously worn by Will Smith in “The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air,” have made the Air Jordan 5 a beloved model among sneaker enthusiasts.

Air Jordan 6: The Championship Shoe

The Air Jordan 6 holds a special place in history as the shoe Michael Jordan wore when he won his first NBA Championship in 1991. Designed by Tinker Hatfield, the Air Jordan 6 introduced a reinforced toe box, two holes in the tongue for easier on/off, and a clear rubber outsole. The design was sleek and functional, perfectly suited for Jordan’s dynamic playing style. The “Infrared” colorway, in particular, remains one of the most sought-after Jordan shoes.

Air Jordan 11: The Epitome of Elegance

The Air Jordan 11, released in 1995, is often regarded as one of the most iconic and stylish sneakers ever made. Tinker Hatfield designed the shoe with a patent leather upper, which was unconventional for basketball shoes at the time but gave it a formal, almost tuxedo-like appearance. Michael Jordan wore the Air Jordan 11 during the 1995-96 NBA season when the Chicago Bulls achieved their historic 72-10 record. The “Concord” and “Space Jam” colorways are particularly famous, with the latter named after the movie “Space Jam,” where Jordan wore the shoe.

Air Jordan 12: The Durable Workhorse

Released in 1996, the Air Jordan 12 was inspired by the Japanese Rising Sun flag and a 19th-century women’s dress boot. It was the first Jordan shoe to feature Zoom Air cushioning, providing superior comfort and performance. The Air Jordan 12 is also known for its durability, as Michael Jordan wore it during the famous “Flu Game” in the 1997 NBA Finals, where he delivered a remarkable performance despite being severely ill. The “Flu Game” colorway, black with red accents, is one of the most iconic versions of this model.

Air Jordan 13: The Black Cat

The Air Jordan 13, released in 1997, was designed with inspiration from a black panther, a nod to Jordan’s stealthy, cat-like prowess on the court. The shoe features a holographic “eye” on the heel, reminiscent of a panther’s eye, and a paw-like outsole. The Air Jordan 13 was also featured in the movie “He Got Game,” further cementing its place in pop culture. Its blend of performance and style has made it a favorite among both basketball players and collectors.

Air Jordan 14: The Last Shot

The Air Jordan 14 was the shoe Michael Jordan wore during his final game with the Chicago Bulls, where he made the legendary “Last Shot” that secured his sixth NBA Championship. Released in 1998, the design of the Air Jordan 14 was inspired by Jordan’s Ferrari 550 Maranello, featuring sleek lines and Ferrari-like detailing, including a shield logo and perforated leather. The “Last Shot” colorway is among the most iconic in the Jordan line, symbolizing the end of an era.

Modern Jordan Models and Collaborations

While the early models of Jordan shoes laid the foundation, the brand has continued to innovate with new releases and collaborations. The Air Jordan 31 through Air Jordan 38 continue the legacy with advanced technologies, while collaborations with designers like Virgil Abloh of Off-White, Travis Scott, and others have kept the brand at the forefront of sneaker culture.

The Jordan brand has also expanded beyond basketball, with lifestyle and casual models that cater to a broader audience. Limited releases, retro reissues, and exclusive collaborations have made Jordan shoes highly coveted in the resale market, with some pairs fetching thousands of dollars.

Conclusion

Jordan shoes are more than just footwear—they are a cultural phenomenon. Each model tells a story, not just of Michael Jordan’s illustrious career, but of innovation, design, and the blending of sports with fashion and pop culture. From the rebellious spirit of the Air Jordan 1 to the elegance of the Air Jordan 11, each type of Jordan shoe has left an indelible mark on sneaker culture. As the brand continues to evolve, the legacy of Jordan shoes remains as strong as ever, capturing the hearts of both athletes and sneaker enthusiasts around the world.

Introduction to Business Case Investigation

A business case investigation is an essential process for organizations aiming to make informed decisions, optimize operations, and achieve strategic goals. This analytical approach helps businesses understand the viability, potential risks, and benefits of new projects or initiatives. By thoroughly examining various aspects, companies can ensure their investments lead to sustainable success.

Importance of Business Case Investigation

1. Informed Decision-Making: Conducting a business case investigation provides crucial data and insights, enabling leaders to make well-informed decisions that align with the company’s objectives.
2. Risk Mitigation: Identifying potential risks and challenges early on allows businesses to develop strategies to mitigate them, enhancing the likelihood of project success.
3. Resource Optimization: By understanding the required resources, including time, money, and personnel, companies can allocate them efficiently, avoiding wastage and maximizing returns.
4. Strategic Alignment: Ensuring that new projects align with the company’s overall strategy helps maintain a focused and coherent approach to growth and development.

Steps in Conducting a Business Case Investigation

1. Define the Objective: Clearly outline the purpose of the investigation, specifying what you aim to achieve and the key questions that need answers.
2. Gather Data: Collect relevant data from various sources, including market research, financial reports, and stakeholder interviews. This data forms the foundation of your analysis.
3. Analyze the Data: Use analytical tools and techniques to assess the data, identify trends, and uncover insights that will inform your decision-making process.
4. Evaluate Options: Explore different scenarios and options, weighing their potential benefits and drawbacks to determine the most viable course of action.
5. Develop a Business Case: Create a comprehensive business case document that outlines the investigation’s findings, recommended actions, and projected outcomes.
6. Review and Approve: Present the business case to stakeholders and decision-makers for review. Ensure it addresses all concerns and provides a clear path forward.

Key Components of a Business Case

1. Executive Summary: A concise overview of the business case, highlighting the main points and recommendations.
2. Problem Statement: A clear description of the issue or opportunity that the business case aims to address.
3. Analysis and Findings: Detailed analysis of the data collected, including market trends, financial projections, and risk assessments.
4. Proposed Solution: A well-reasoned proposal outlining the recommended course of action, supported by evidence from the investigation.
5. Implementation Plan: A step-by-step plan for executing the proposed solution, including timelines, resource allocation, and key milestones.
6. Financial Projections: Detailed financial forecasts, including costs, revenues, and return on investment (ROI) calculations.
7. Risk Assessment: Identification of potential risks and challenges, along with strategies for mitigating them.

Best Practices for Successful Business Case Investigations

1. Involve Key Stakeholders: Engage stakeholders from the beginning to ensure their perspectives and insights are considered, enhancing the investigation’s accuracy and relevance.
2. Use Reliable Data Sources: Ensure the data used in the investigation is accurate, up-to-date, and relevant to the business case.
3. Maintain Objectivity: Approach the investigation with an open mind, avoiding biases that could skew the findings and recommendations.
4. Regularly Update the Business Case: As new data and insights emerge, update the business case to reflect the latest information, ensuring it remains relevant and accurate.

A thorough business case investigation is crucial for organizations looking to make strategic decisions that drive growth and success. By following a structured approach and leveraging best practices, businesses can uncover valuable insights, mitigate risks, and optimize resources, ensuring their projects and initiatives deliver maximum value. Whether you are launching a new product, entering a new market, or embarking on a major transformation, a well-executed business case investigation is your roadmap to informed and successful decision-making.